Cancer Screening: What You Should Know

What Is Cancer Screening?

Cancer screening means checking for cancer before symptoms appear. The goal is to detect cancer early, when it's easier to treat and more likely to be cured. Screening tests are designed for people without any symptoms, especially those at higher risk due to age, lifestyle, or family history.

Why Is Screening Important?

  • Early detection = better outcomes

  • Less invasive treatment may be possible

  • Reduced mortality for many cancers

Common Types of Cancer with Routine Screening

1. Breast Cancer

  • Who: Women aged 40–74, depending on risk

  • Symptoms (if present):

    • Lump in the breast

    • Changes in breast shape or skin

    • Nipple discharge

  • Screening Test : USS and Mammogram every 3-5 years

2. Cervical Cancer

  • Who: Women aged 21–65

  • Symptoms (if present):

    • Abnormal vaginal bleeding

    • Pelvic pain

    • Pain during sex

  • Screening Tests:

    • Pap test (Pap smear) every 3 years

    • HPV test (for human papillomavirus) every 5 years or combined Pap + HPV

3. Colorectal Cancer

  • Who: Adults aged 45–75

  • Symptoms (if present):

    • Blood in stool

    • Change in bowel habits

    • Unexplained weight loss

  • Screening Tests:

    • Colonoscopy every 10 years (gold standard)

    • Stool tests (FIT, gFOBT, or stool DNA) every 1–3 years

    • Flexible sigmoidoscopy every 5 years

4. Prostate Cancer

  • Who: Men aged 50–69, especially those with risk factors

  • Symptoms (if present):

    • Frequent urination

    • Difficulty starting/stopping urine

    • Blood in urine or semen

  • Screening Tests:

    • PSA blood test (Prostate Specific Antigen)

    • Sometimes followed by a digital rectal exam (DRE)

5. Lung Cancer

  • Who: Adults aged 50–80 with a 20+ pack-year smoking history, current or quit within 15 years

  • Symptoms (if present):

    • Persistent cough

    • Chest pain

    • Coughing up blood

  • Screening Test:

    • Low-dose CT scan (LDCT) yearly

6. Skin Cancer

  • Who: People with fair skin, high sun exposure, or family history

  • Symptoms:

    • New or changing moles

    • Spots that itch, bleed, or don’t heal

  • Screening:

    • Visual skin exam by a doctor or self-check monthly

    • No standardized national screening, but dermatology evaluation for high-risk individuals

Less Common but Important Screening Considerations

  • Oral Cancer: Visual exams in smokers or heavy drinkers

  • Ovarian Cancer: No reliable routine screening; CA-125 blood test sometimes used for high-risk individuals

  • Pancreatic Cancer: Screening only for high-risk genetic syndromes

  • Testicular Cancer: Mostly self-exam; no routine screening guidelines

Takeaway Tips

  • Talk to us to see which cancer screenings are right for you based on age, sex, family history, and lifestyle.

  • Don’t wait for symptoms — early detection saves lives.

  • Maintain regular wellness visits to stay up to date with screenings.

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